Alcohols

BVV™ Ultra High Purity N-Heptane Denatured Ethanol - CDA 12A HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL (Note: Container style and color may vary) BVV's Ultra High Purity N-Heptane Denatured Ethanol (CDA 12A) is distinguished by its exceptional purity, Our CDA 12A formulation combines 95% Food Grade/USP/ACS 200 Proof Ethanol, derived from corn, with 5% high-purity N-Heptane. Adhering to stringent industry standards, ensuring it meets the precise requirements of our customers, our Ultra High Purity Heptane Denatured Ethanol excels across diverse applications widely adopted as an effective botanical extraction solvent and cleaning agent. Being that our Ultra High Purity Denatured Ethanol is made unfit for consumption when denatured with N-Heptane it is not subject to the Federal Excise Tax on alcohol saving you up to 72% without compromising on it suitability for top-tier extractions.  Primarily utilized as pure ethanol in extraction processes, this solvent is favored for its cost-effectiveness and extraction efficiency.  Reduce manufacturing costs and increase extraction efficiency with BVV's Ultra High Purity Heptane Denatured Ethanol. Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Plastic Jugs and must be purchased separately Key Features: Significantly Reduced Cost due to the absence of Federal Tax Produces Exceptional Quality Extractions Leaves No Residuals or Tastes Evaporates Completely in a Rotary Evaporator BVV™ 710 Extraction Solvent Safety Data Sheet  Specifications Vapor Pressure: 40.9mmHg at 20°C UN Number 1170 Density: 0.7905g/cm³ Specific Gravity 0.7905 Flash Point: 13.9°C (57°F) Boiling Point: 78.5°C (173°F) Melting Point: -90.0°C (-130°F) Chemical Formula: Ethanol C2H6ON-Heptane C7H16 CAS#(s) Ethanol 64-17-5N-Heptane142-82-5 Chemical Formula: Ethanol C2H6ON-Heptane C7H16 Molecular Weight: 72.1057 CAS Registry Number: Ethanol 64-17-5N-Heptane142-82-5 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Mint or acetone-like Density  0.7905g/cm³ Boiling Point: 78.5c/173.3F Solubility in water: Miscible GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H319 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 UN Identification Number: 1987 Proper Shipping Name: Alcohols, N.O.S Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: I DOT Placard: What is Denatured Ethanol? Denatured ethanol, also known as denatured alcohol, is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) that has been rendered unfit for human consumption by the addition of denaturants. Denaturants are typically chemicals that make the ethanol taste bad or have toxic effects, and they are added to discourage people from drinking the substance. The denaturation process is done to avoid the high taxes and regulations associated with beverage alcohol, as denatured ethanol is intended for industrial, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic uses rather than for consumption. Common denaturants include heptane, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and other chemicals. Denatured ethanol is widely used in various industries, such as in the production of paints, solvents, cleaning products, and as a fuel for alcohol burners. Why is Ethanol Denatured? Ethanol is denatured, or rendered undrinkable, for several reasons: Tax Purposes: Denaturing ethanol allows for the imposition of lower taxes on industrial or non-beverage alcohol compared to potable alcohol. Governments often place higher excise taxes on alcohol intended for human consumption. Regulatory Compliance: Denaturing ethanol is a regulatory requirement to discourage the illegal diversion of tax-free industrial alcohol for beverage use. The addition of denaturants makes it unpalatable and unsafe for consumption. Public Safety: Making ethanol undrinkable helps prevent accidental or intentional ingestion of industrial alcohol, which can be toxic. Denaturing agents are chosen to deter people from attempting to use denatured alcohol as a substitute for beverage alcohol. Industrial Use: Denatured ethanol is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and manufacturing. It serves as a solvent, fuel, or raw material in these applications. Common denaturants include substances like heptane, methanol, isopropanol, and various chemicals that make the alcohol unsuitable for human consumption while maintaining its usability in industrial processes. The specific denaturing formulations, such as CDA 12-A mentioned earlier, are defined by regulatory agencies to ensure compliance with safety and tax regulations. What is denatured ethanol used for? Denatured ethanol is used for various industrial and commercial purposes where the alcohol is needed for its properties but should not be consumed. Here are some common applications: Industrial Solvent: Denatured ethanol is widely used as a solvent in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and manufacturing. It is effective in dissolving a variety of substances. Cleaning Agent: Due to its solvent properties, denatured ethanol is used as a cleaning agent for surfaces, equipment, and machinery in industrial and commercial settings. Fuel Additive: Denatured ethanol is sometimes used as a fuel additive, especially in the blending of gasoline. It can improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. Paint and Coating Industry: It is used as a solvent in the formulation of paints, varnishes, and coatings. Pharmaceuticals: Denatured ethanol is used in the pharmaceutical industry for various purposes, including the extraction of medicinal compounds. Laboratory Use: In laboratories, denatured ethanol is often used for tasks like sterilization and as a solvent for experiments. Inks and Dyes: It is employed in the production of inks and dyes due to its ability to dissolve pigments. Adhesives and Sealants: Denatured ethanol is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants. Window Cleaning: It is used in commercial window cleaning solutions. Automotive Industry: In the automotive industry, denatured ethanol is used for cleaning and degreasing. What can be used to denature ethanol? Here are examples of common Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA) formulations used to denature ethanol: CDA 12-A  To every 100 gallons of alcohol, add either: Five gallons of heptane or 5 gallons of toluene. CDA-19  To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol (not less than 160 proof), add: 4.0 gallons of either methyl isobutyl ketone, mixed isomers of nitro propane, or methyln-butyl ketone 1.0 gallon of either kerosene, deodorized kerosene, gasoline, unleaded gasoline, rubber hydrocarbon solvent, or heptane. CDA-20 To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol (not less than 195 proof), add a total of: 2.0 gallons of either unleaded gasoline, rubber hydrocarbon solvent, kerosene, or deodorized kerosene, or any combination of these. What does CDA mean? Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA) is a type of denatured alcohol that has been rendered unfit for human consumption by the addition of denaturing agents. Denatured alcohol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) that has been intentionally adulterated to make it toxic, foul-tasting, or otherwise undrinkable. This denaturing process is done to exempt the alcohol from excise duty and other taxes, as it's not intended for use in beverages. The denaturing agents used in CDA can vary, but they often include chemicals such as methanol, isopropanol, or other substances that make the alcohol unpalatable and potentially harmful if ingested. The specific formulation of denatured alcohol may be regulated by government authorities to ensure it meets safety standards and legal requirements. CDA is commonly used in industrial applications, as a solvent, fuel, or as a cleaning agent. It's important to note that due to the addition of denaturing agents, CDA should not be used for purposes that involve contact with the human body or ingestion. Safety precautions, including proper ventilation, should be followed when working with denatured alcohol. What is CDA 12A? CDA 12-A is a formulation specified by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) for Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA). The formula is defined under §21.26 as Formula No. 12-A. The composition of CDA 12-A is as follows: For every 100 gallons of alcohol, add either: 5 gallons of n-heptane or 5 gallons of toluene. This denaturing process renders the ethanol unfit for consumption while meeting regulatory requirements for various industrial applications. CDA formulations, including CDA 12-A, are used to denature ethanol for purposes such as industrial solvents, cleaning agents, and manufacturing processes. Can you remove heptane from CDA 12A? When n-Heptane is added to ethanol it creates an azeotrope between the ethanol and n-heptane. An azeotrope is defined as a mixture of two liquids that have a constant boiling point and composition through distillation. This azeotrope results in the ethanol and n-heptane evaporating at the same temperature, making it extremely difficult to separate the two through distillation. While these azeotropic solvents are still easily recovered from a botanical extract at a relatively low boiling point around 78C/173F using a rotary evaporator or falling film evaporator, it is near impossible to separate the two via distillation. What is an Azeotrope? An azeotrope is a mixture characterized by having identical concentrations in both its vapor and liquid phases. This stands in contrast to ideal solutions, where one component is usually more volatile than the other, allowing for separation through distillation. When an azeotrope forms, the concentrations in both phases remain the same, hindering separation through traditional distillation methods. Azeotropes consist of a blend of at least two different liquids, and this mixture can exhibit either a higher or lower boiling point than either of its individual components. Azeotropes become relevant when certain liquid fractions resist alteration through distillation processes. In typical mixtures, components can be extracted using Fractional Distillation, a process involving repeated distillation stages. The more volatile component vaporizes and is collected separately, while the less volatile component remains in the distillation container, resulting in two distinct, pure solutions.

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BVV™ ULTRA High Purity Lab Grade N-Heptane  99.3% Purity HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL   (Note: Container style and color may vary) Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Plastic Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1 Gallon sizes BVV™ ULTRA High Purity Lab Grade N-Heptane is a perfect solution for cleaning up and clarifying the extracted material and removing the green colored plant material and some waxes out of the product to produce a cleaner end result when distilling extracts. Heptane can be used the same as hexane or as a solvent, but has a higher boiling point when needing to remove residuals from extracted material. BVV™ N-Heptane SDS BVV™ N-Heptane COA Chemical Formula: C7H16 Molecular Weight: 100.205 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 142-82-5 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Petrolic Density 0.6795 g cm−3 Boiling Point: 98.38 °C /209.08 °F Solubility in water: 0.0003% (20 °C GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H304, H315, H336, H410 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 UN Identification Number: 1206 Proper Shipping Name: Heptanes Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard:  

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BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL   (Note: Container style and color may vary) Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Plastic Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1-gallon sizes   Experience the Exceptional Utility of BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane in Crystallization and Liquid-Liquid Extraction When it comes to achieving impeccable results in crystallization and liquid-liquid extraction processes, BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane stands out as the ideal choice. This versatile solvent has been meticulously refined to meet the exacting standards of laboratory and industrial applications, offering unparalleled purity and performance. Why Choose BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane: Unrivaled Purity: Our heptane boasts an exceptional level of purity, minimizing unwanted impurities and contaminants in your final products. Reliable Performance: Count on BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane to consistently deliver outstanding results, batch after batch. Versatile Solvent: From crystallization to liquid-liquid extraction, this solvent adapts to various applications, providing flexibility and convenience. Trusted by Professionals: Trusted by laboratories, industries, and professionals worldwide, BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane is the go-to choice for achieving exceptional purity and clarity in your processes. Elevate your crystallization and liquid-liquid extraction procedures to new heights of precision and quality with BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane. Discover the difference that purity and performance can make in your applications. Choose BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Heptane for your next project and unlock the full potential of your crystallization and liquid-liquid extraction processes. COA Heptane SDS Heptane Chemical Formula: C7H16 Molecular Weight: 100.205 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 142-82-5 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Petrolic Density 0.6795 g cm−3 Boiling Point: 98.38 °C /209.08 °F Solubility in water: 0.0003% (20 °C GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H304, H315, H336, H410 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 UN Identification Number: 1206 Proper Shipping Name: Heptanes Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard: What is Heptane? Heptane is a hydrocarbon compound belonging to the alkane family, which means it consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a linear, unbranched chain. Specifically, heptane has seven carbon atoms and sixteen hydrogen atoms, giving it the chemical formula C7H16. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a gasoline-like odor. Heptane is one of several isomers of the alkane series with seven carbon atoms. It is known for its role as a common solvent in various applications, including laboratory work, chemical processes, and industrial settings. Due to its purity and low reactivity, heptane is often used as a standard reference compound in gas chromatography. Heptane is also used as a fuel component in gasoline, although it is less common than other hydrocarbons like octane. Its properties and applications make it a valuable chemical compound in both the scientific and industrial sectors. What Is Heptane Used For? Heptane has a wide range of applications due to its properties as a hydrocarbon solvent. Some of the common uses of heptane include: Solvent: Heptane is widely used as a solvent in various industries, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing. It is especially favored for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds and its low reactivity, which makes it suitable for cleaning, degreasing, and extracting chemicals from natural products. Laboratory and Scientific Research: Heptane is often used in laboratories for tasks such as extracting natural products, preparing chemical samples, and conducting chromatography experiments. Its purity and low reactivity make it a valuable solvent in scientific research. Industrial Cleaning: Heptane is an effective degreaser and cleaner for machinery, equipment, and surfaces in industrial settings. It is commonly used to remove oil, grease, and contaminants from various surfaces. Adhesives and Coatings: Heptane is used in the formulation of adhesives, coatings, and paints. It helps dissolve the components of these products and provides them with the desired consistency. Fuel: While less common than other hydrocarbons like octane, heptane is used as a component in gasoline. It contributes to the overall fuel mixture, affecting properties such as octane rating and combustion characteristics. Extraction: Heptane is employed in the extraction of natural compounds, such as essential oils and flavors, from plant materials. It is particularly useful for extracting nonpolar compounds. Calibration Standard: Heptane is used as a reference compound in gas chromatography and other analytical techniques to calibrate instruments and assess the performance of chromatographic columns. Solvent for Rubber and Plastics: In the rubber and plastics industry, heptane is used as a solvent for processing and manufacturing these materials. Chemical Synthesis: Heptane can be used as a reactant or solvent in chemical synthesis processes to produce various organic compounds. It's important to note that heptane should be handled with care, especially in industrial and laboratory settings, due to its flammability and potential health hazards. Proper safety measures and ventilation are essential when working with this solvent. How Is Heptane Produced? Heptane is primarily produced through the refining of crude oil, a process that separates hydrocarbons of different chain lengths. Here's a simplified overview of the production process: Crude Oil Refining: The production of heptane begins with the refining of crude oil, which contains a mixture of hydrocarbons with varying chain lengths and properties. Fractional Distillation: In the refining process, crude oil is heated and subjected to fractional distillation. This process separates the crude oil into various fractions based on boiling points. Heptane falls within a specific range of boiling points and is separated from other hydrocarbons during this distillation process. Fraction Separation: Once the appropriate fraction is obtained, further separation may be necessary to isolate pure heptane. This can involve additional distillation or purification techniques to remove impurities and other hydrocarbons. Quality Control: The resulting heptane undergoes quality control measures to ensure that it meets the required specifications and purity standards for its intended applications. Quality control may include testing for impurities, moisture content, and other properties. Packaging and Distribution: After quality control, heptane is packaged into containers suitable for its intended use and distribution to various industries and customers. It's worth noting that heptane can also be produced synthetically through chemical processes, such as the hydrogenation of hexene or the cracking of longer hydrocarbon chains. However, the primary source of heptane for industrial and commercial applications is typically derived from crude oil refining due to its cost-effectiveness and abundance. What Are The Hazards Of Heptane? Heptane, a highly flammable hydrocarbon, poses several hazards that individuals and workers should be aware of when handling or working with it. Here are some of the key hazards associated with heptane: Flammability: Heptane is extremely flammable and can ignite easily in the presence of open flames, sparks, or heat sources. It has a wide flammable range and can form explosive mixtures with air. Adequate ventilation and proper storage precautions are essential to prevent fires and explosions. Vapor Inhalation: Inhaling heptane vapors can lead to health risks, including dizziness, headaches, nausea, and respiratory irritation. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of heptane vapor can result in more severe health effects, such as central nervous system depression and damage to the respiratory system. Skin Contact: Heptane can cause skin irritation and may lead to dermatitis or chemical burns upon prolonged or repeated contact. It can also defat the skin, removing protective oils and potentially resulting in dryness and cracking. Eye Contact: Contact with heptane can cause eye irritation, redness, and discomfort. Proper eye protection, such as safety goggles or a face shield, should be worn when handling heptane to prevent eye exposure. Ingestion: Swallowing heptane can be harmful and should be avoided. Ingestion of heptane may lead to gastrointestinal distress, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Environmental Impact: Spills or improper disposal of heptane can have negative environmental consequences. Heptane is volatile and can contribute to air pollution. It may also contaminate soil and water if not handled and disposed of properly. Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs): Regulatory authorities, such as OSHA in the United States, have established occupational exposure limits for heptane to protect workers. Adhering to these limits and implementing proper safety measures in the workplace is essential to mitigate exposure risks. It's crucial to handle heptane with caution, follow safety protocols, and use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with this solvent. Additionally, safe storage, handling, and disposal practices are essential to minimize the associated hazards and ensure workplace safety. How Can I Safely Use Heptane? Safely using heptane requires following proper procedures and precautions to minimize risks associated with this flammable solvent. Here are some essential guidelines for the safe handling and use of heptane: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles or a face shield, chemical-resistant gloves, lab coats, and closed-toe shoes, to protect your eyes, skin, and clothing from exposure to heptane. Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area or use a chemical fume hood to prevent the buildup of heptane vapors. Ensure adequate airflow to disperse fumes. No Open Flames or Sparks: Avoid open flames, sparks, or heat sources in the vicinity of heptane. Heptane is highly flammable and can ignite easily. Electrical Equipment: Use explosion-proof or intrinsically safe electrical equipment and fixtures in areas where heptane is used or stored. Storage: Store heptane in approved safety containers, away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and incompatible materials. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use. Handling and Transfer: Use spark-resistant tools and equipment when handling heptane. Avoid rough handling or transferring the solvent near open flames or hot surfaces. Spill Response: Have spill response materials, such as absorbent materials and spill kits, readily available to contain and clean up any heptane spills promptly. Labeling: Clearly label heptane containers with appropriate hazard warnings and information to identify the contents. Emergency Equipment: Maintain access to safety equipment, including emergency eyewashes, safety showers, and fire extinguishers, in the workspace. Training: Ensure that personnel handling heptane receive proper training on its hazards, safe handling procedures, and emergency response protocols. Avoiding Skin Contact: Minimize skin contact with heptane. In case of contact, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water. Use barrier creams or protective clothing as an additional precaution. Eye Protection: Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect your eyes from splashes or accidental exposure. No Smoking or Eating: Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where heptane is present, as ingestion or inhalation of heptane can be harmful. Disposal: Follow proper waste disposal procedures for heptane and other hazardous materials. Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations. Emergency Response: Establish and communicate emergency response procedures for heptane-related incidents, including fire, spills, and exposure incidents. Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections of equipment, storage areas, and safety measures to ensure they remain in good condition. It's essential to adhere to safety guidelines, have safety protocols in place, and prioritize the well-being of personnel when working with heptane. Always consult safety data sheets (SDS) and regulatory guidelines specific to heptane in your region for additional safety information and requirements. What Is The Boiling Point Of Heptane? The boiling point of heptane is approximately 98 degrees Celsius or 208 degrees Fahrenheit. Is Heptane Miscable With Water? Heptane is not miscible with water. It is considered hydrophobic, which means it does not mix well with water and tends to form separate layers when combined. What Is The Flash Point Of Heptane?  The flash point of heptane, specifically n-heptane, is approximately -4 degrees Celsius (24.8 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the temperature at which it can produce enough vapor to ignite briefly if exposed to an open flame or spark. Heptane is considered highly flammable and should be handled with caution in environments where there is a risk of ignition.

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BVV™ Ultra High Purity Lab Grade N-Hexane HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL (Note: Container style and color may vary) BVV™ Ultra High Purity Lab Grade N-Hexane is a perfect solution for cleaning up and clarifying the extracted material and removing the green colored plant material and some waxes out of the product to produce a cleaner end result when distilling extracts.    n-Hexane Safety Data Sheet   Chemical Formula: C6H14 Molecular Weight: 86.178 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 110-54-3 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Petrolic Density 0.6606 g mL−1 Boiling Point: 68.5 °C / 155.2 °F Solubility in water: 9.5 mg L−1 GHS Pictograms:     GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H302, H305, H315, H336, H361fd, H373, H411 GHS Precautionary Statements P201, P202, P210, P233, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P332+P313, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 UN Identification Number: 1208 Proper Shipping Name: Hexanes Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard:

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BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Hexane HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL   (Note: Container style and color may vary) Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Plastic Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1 Gallon sizes   BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Hexane is a perfect solution for cleaning up and clarifying the extracted material and removing the green colored plant material and some waxes out of the product to produce a cleaner end result when distilling extracts. Hexane SDS Hexane COA Chemical Formula: C6H14 Molecular Weight: 86.178 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 110-54-3 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Petrolic Density 0.6606 g mL−1 Boiling Point: 68.5 °C / 155.2 °F Solubility in water: 9.5 mg L−1 GHS Pictograms:     GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H302, H305, H315, H336, H361fd, H373, H411 GHS Precautionary Statements P201, P202, P210, P233, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P332+P313, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 UN Identification Number: 1208 Proper Shipping Name: Hexanes Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard:    What Is Hexane? Hexane is a hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C6H14. It is a colorless, flammable liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial processes. Hexane is composed of six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms and belongs to a class of compounds known as alkanes. What Is Hexane Used For? Hexane is a versatile chemical compound primarily used as a solvent in various industrial applications. Its main uses include: Oil Extraction: Hexane is commonly used in the food industry to extract vegetable oils from seeds and other plant materials, such as soybeans, sunflower seeds, and peanuts. It dissolves the oils, leaving behind the solid plant material. The extracted oils are used in cooking, food processing, and as ingredients in various products. Laboratory and Chemical Processes: Hexane is used as a solvent in laboratories for a wide range of chemical reactions, extractions, and chromatography procedures. It is particularly useful for processes that require a non-polar solvent. Industrial Cleaning: Hexane's strong solvent properties make it effective for cleaning and degreasing industrial machinery, equipment, and parts. It is often used in maintenance and manufacturing settings to remove oils, greases, and other contaminants. Adhesive Manufacturing: Hexane is used in the production of adhesives, including those used in the shoe and leather goods industry. It helps dissolve and disperse adhesive components. Paints and Coatings: In the paint and coatings industry, hexane can be found in some formulations, especially in solvent-based paint systems. It can help adjust the viscosity and improve the application properties of coatings. Nail Polish Remover: Some nail polish removers contain hexane as a solvent to help dissolve and remove nail polish quickly and effectively. Hexane as a Fuel: While not a major use, hexane can be used as a fuel in some internal combustion engines. However, this application is less common than its use as a solvent. It's important to note that hexane is flammable and can pose health risks if not handled properly. Exposure to hexane vapor should be minimized, and safety precautions, such as proper ventilation and the use of personal protective equipment, should be followed when working with this chemical. What Is The Structure of Hexane? Hexane is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H14. It belongs to the class of hydrocarbons known as alkanes, which are characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. Hexane specifically has a linear or straight-chain structure, meaning that its carbon atoms are arranged in a continuous chain. The structural formula of hexane is as follows: In this structural formula, each "C" represents a carbon atom, and each "H" represents a hydrogen atom. Hexane has six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms, consistent with its molecular formula (C6H14). The carbon-carbon bonds in hexane are all single bonds, resulting in a saturated hydrocarbon structure. This linear arrangement of carbon atoms is a characteristic feature of straight-chain alkanes. How Is Hexane Produced? Hexane is typically produced from the refining of crude oil, and its production involves several steps, including distillation and fractionation. Here is an overview of the process: Crude Oil Refining: Hexane is derived from the hydrocarbon fraction of crude oil. Crude oil is first refined in a petroleum refinery to separate it into various fractions based on boiling points. Hexane is obtained from one of these fractions, usually the naphtha or distillate fractions, which contain hydrocarbons with six carbon atoms. Distillation: The selected fraction from the crude oil is subjected to a distillation process to separate it further into its constituent hydrocarbons based on their boiling points. Hexane is separated from other hydrocarbons with similar boiling points during this step. Fractionation: After distillation, the fraction containing hexane is further fractionated to isolate pure hexane. Fractionation involves additional distillation steps to separate hexane from any remaining impurities or hydrocarbons with different carbon chain lengths. Purification: To ensure the final product is of high purity, the hexane is subjected to purification processes, such as solvent extraction or adsorption, to remove any remaining impurities, including sulfur compounds and aromatics. Quality Control: The purified hexane undergoes rigorous quality control testing to ensure it meets industry and regulatory standards. This includes testing for purity, composition, and the absence of contaminants. Packaging: The final purified hexane is typically packaged and stored for distribution to various industries and applications. It's important to note that there are different isomers of hexane, including n-hexane, which is a straight-chain hexane, and various branched-chain isomers (isohexanes). The specific isomer produced and its purity level can vary based on the intended use of the hexane. For industrial and laboratory use, high-purity n-hexane is often preferred. The production of hexane is an important part of the petrochemical industry, as it serves as a solvent in various applications, including extraction, cleaning, and as a carrier for certain industrial processes. What Are The Hazards of Hexane? Hexane is a chemical solvent that poses several health and safety hazards. It's essential to handle hexane with care and be aware of its potential risks. Here are some of the hazards associated with hexane exposure: Inhalation Hazard: Hexane vapors can be harmful when inhaled. Breathing in high concentrations of hexane vapor may lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headache, nausea, eye and throat irritation, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. Nervous System Effects: Prolonged exposure to hexane, particularly n-hexane (a common isomer of hexane), can damage the nervous system. This condition is known as "hexane neuropathy" or "peripheral neuropathy." It may cause numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and coordination problems in the hands and feet. Skin Irritation: Hexane can irritate the skin upon direct contact. Prolonged skin exposure or contact with hexane-containing solutions can lead to skin dryness, redness, and irritation. Eye Irritation: Contact with hexane may cause eye irritation, including redness, tearing, and discomfort. Flammability: Hexane is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. It should be stored away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources. Environmental Impact: Spills or releases of hexane into the environment can have adverse effects on aquatic life and ecosystems. Hexane is not easily biodegradable and can persist in the environment. Chronic Health Effects: Long-term exposure to hexane may lead to chronic health effects, particularly neurological damage. Workers who are regularly exposed to hexane, such as in industrial settings, should take precautions to minimize exposure. Carcinogenicity: Some studies suggest that n-hexane may have carcinogenic potential, although the evidence is not conclusive. It is classified as a Group 3 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which means it is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans due to inadequate evidence. To minimize the risks associated with hexane, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines and use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with hexane-containing products. Proper ventilation, such as using fume hoods or working in well-ventilated areas, can help reduce inhalation exposure. Additionally, employers should provide training to employees on the safe handling and storage of hexane, along with emergency response procedures in case of spills or accidents. How Do I Use Hexane Safely? Using hexane safely requires following proper safety precautions and guidelines to minimize the risks associated with this chemical solvent. Here are some safety tips for handling hexane safely: Use Adequate Ventilation: Always work with hexane in well-ventilated areas, such as a fume hood or with proper exhaust systems. Adequate ventilation helps to reduce exposure to hexane vapors. Wear Protective Gear: When working with hexane, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, lab coats, chemical-resistant gloves, and closed-toe shoes. The specific PPE requirements may vary based on the task and the concentration of hexane being used. Avoid Skin Contact: Prevent skin contact with hexane by wearing chemical-resistant gloves and long-sleeved clothing. In case of skin contact, wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. Prevent Eye Contact: Protect your eyes with safety goggles or a face shield. In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes and seek immediate medical attention. No Eating, Drinking, or Smoking: Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with hexane or in areas where hexane is used. Contaminated hands or surfaces can transfer hexane to the mouth, leading to ingestion. Handle in Controlled Environment: Perform tasks involving hexane in a controlled environment away from open flames, sparks, heat sources, and ignition sources. Hexane is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Label Containers: Ensure that containers holding hexane are properly labeled with appropriate hazard warnings and information. Store Properly: Store hexane containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use. Use Minimal Amounts: Use the smallest amount of hexane necessary to complete your task. Minimizing the quantity of hexane used reduces potential exposure. Emergency Equipment: Have access to emergency equipment, such as eye wash stations and safety showers, in case of accidental exposure. Know the location of fire extinguishers and fire alarm systems. Training: Ensure that personnel working with hexane are trained in its safe handling, storage, and disposal. Training should cover hazard recognition, first aid procedures, and emergency response protocols. Spill Response: In case of a hexane spill, follow your organization's spill response procedures. This may include containing the spill, using absorbent materials to soak up the liquid, and disposing of contaminated materials properly. Dispose of Hexane Waste Properly: Dispose of hexane waste in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Hexane waste should be collected and disposed of as hazardous waste. Regular Maintenance: Inspect equipment and storage containers regularly to ensure they are in good condition and free from leaks or damage. Medical Monitoring: If workers are regularly exposed to hexane, consider implementing a medical monitoring program to track their health and detect early signs of exposure-related issues. It's essential to familiarize yourself with the specific safety guidelines and procedures established by your organization or regulatory authorities when working with hexane, as they may vary depending on the application and concentration of hexane being used. Always prioritize safety and take appropriate precautions to protect yourself and others from potential hazards associated with hexane.

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   BVV™ High Purity Isopropyl Alcohol 99% USP Isopropyl alcohol, also known as 2-propanol or rubbing alcohol, is one of the most common alcohol solutions.  The exact mechanism behind isopropanol’s disinfectant is not certain, however, it’s believed to kill cells through the process of denaturing cell proteins and DNA, dissolving cell lipoprotein membranes, and obstructing cellular metabolism. Isopropanol has a range of applications and uses across multiple industries, from medicine to cosmetics, and we explore this below.  Cleaning Agent for Extraction, Laboratory, and Medical Industries  In addition, 99% pure isopropyl alcohol serves as a cleaning agent for the laboratory, medical, and extraction industries. Mixed with water, this solution can be used as a rubbing-alcohol antiseptic. Quality solvents are vital for cleaning delicate electronics, extraction equipment, and other sensitive items. It also makes a perfect solution for surface disinfectant. 99% IPA evaporates cleanly and minimizes residual substances. Cleaning Agent for Home Care A truly versatile solution used in a variety of applications, isopropyl can also serve as a home cleaning remedy. For example, many window and toilet bowl cleaners contain isopropyl alcohol.  rubbing alcohol can dissolve icky residues such as chewing gum, sap, hairspray, and other difficult compounds from hands, surfaces, and more. Other ways isopropyl can be used:  Cleaning makeup brushes Cleaning blinds Cleaning sinks and chrome Deodorizing shoes Disinfecting computer mouse and keyboard  Disinfecting mobile phone Dissolving windshield frost Getting rid of fruit flies  Cleaning jewelry  Creating homemade sanitizer  Preventing ring around the collar  Cleaning stainless steel  Other Things to Note Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1 Gallon sizes Isopropyl alcohol is a fast-evaporating solvent and industrial cleaning agent, intended for industrial or professional use only. It can be used as a solvent for gums, shellac, and essential oils. Can be used as a fuel additive.   Isopropyl Alcohol (liquid) - 99.8% Purity Shelf Life - 5 years Specific Gravity - 0.79 Vapor Pressure - 1psi @ 20°C Flash Point - 12°C Boiling Point - 82°C *Disclaimer: 1 Quart Bottles are exempt from additional Hazmat shipping charges and can ship immediately, Less paperwork for shipping is required for shipping only 1 single bottle per order.   BVV™ Isopropyl Alcohol SDS BVV™ Isopropyl Alcohol COA   Chemical Formula: C3H8O Molecular Weight: 60.096 g/mol CAS Registry Number: 67-63-0 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Pungent Alcoholic odor Density 0.786 g/cm3 (20 °C) Boiling Point: 82.6 °C /180.7 °F Solubility in water: miscible GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H302, H319, H336 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P261, P305+P351+P338 UN Identification Number: 1219 Proper Shipping Name: Isopropanol Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard: 

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  BVV™ High Purity Isopropyl Alcohol IPA 99% Isopropyl alcohol, also known as 2-propanol or rubbing alcohol, is one of the most common alcohol solutions.  The exact mechanism behind isopropanol’s disinfectant is not certain, however, it’s believed to kill cells through the process of denaturing cell proteins and DNA, dissolving cell lipoprotein membranes, and obstructing cellular metabolism. Isopropanol has a range of applications and uses across multiple industries, from medicine to cosmetics, and we explore this below.  Cleaning Agent for Extraction, Laboratory, and Medical Industries  In addition, 99% pure isopropyl alcohol serves as a cleaning agent for the laboratory, medical, and extraction industries. Mixed with water, this solution can be used as a rubbing-alcohol antiseptic. Quality solvents are vital for cleaning delicate electronics, extraction equipment, and other sensitive items. It also makes a perfect solution for surface disinfectant. 99% IPA evaporates cleanly and minimizes residual substances. Cleaning Agent for Home Care A truly versatile solution used in a variety of applications, isopropyl can also serve as a home cleaning remedy. For example, many window and toilet bowl cleaners contain isopropyl alcohol.  rubbing alcohol can dissolve icky residues such as chewing gum, sap, hairspray, and other difficult compounds from hands, surfaces, and more. Other ways isopropyl can be used:  Cleaning makeup brushes Cleaning blinds Cleaning sinks and chrome Deodorizing shoes Disinfecting computer mouse and keyboard  Disinfecting mobile phone Dissolving windshield frost Getting rid of fruit flies  Cleaning jewelry  Creating homemade sanitizer  Preventing ring around the collar  Cleaning stainless steel  Other Things to Note Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1 Gallon sizes Isopropyl alcohol is a fast-evaporating solvent and industrial cleaning agent, intended for industrial or professional use only. It can be used as a solvent for gums, shellac, and essential oils. Can be used as a fuel additive.   Isopropyl Alcohol (liquid) - 99.8% Purity Shelf Life - 5 years Specific Gravity - 0.79 Vapor Pressure - 1psi @ 20°C Flash Point - 12°C Boiling Point - 82°C *Disclaimer: 1 Quart Bottles are exempt from additional Hazmat shipping charges and can ship immediately, Less paperwork for shipping is required for shipping only 1 single bottle per order.   BVV™ Isopropyl Alcohol SDS BVV™ Isopropyl Alcohol COA Chemical Formula: C3H8O Molecular Weight: 60.096 g/mol CAS Registry Number: 67-63-0 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Pungent Alcoholic odor Density 0.786 g/cm3 (20 °C) Boiling Point: 82.6 °C /180.7 °F Solubility in water: miscible GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H302, H319, H336 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P261, P305+P351+P338 UN Identification Number: 1219 Proper Shipping Name: Isopropanol Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard:

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BVV™ High Purity Acetone 99%  HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL (Note: Container style and color may vary) Explore our top-quality Acetone, a versatile solvent that meets the highest standards of quality and purity. Our Acetone is ideal for a wide range of applications, whether you're in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic or industrial sector. With its exceptional solvent properties, Acetone serves as a reliable solution for cleaning, degreasing, and dissolving various substances. Our Acetone is carefully sourced to ensure consistency and effectiveness, making it a popular choice for professionals and businesses alike. Our Acetone is subjected to stringent quality control measures, ensuring exceptional purity that's perfect for various processes, from extraction to cleaning and stripping applications. Discover the exceptional performance and dependability of our Acetone, specially created to surpass your rigorous requirements. Unleash the potential of this top-notch solvent, and enhance the efficiency and efficacy of your processes to a whole new level. Opt for our Acetone for unparalleled outcomes and make the most of its adaptability in a variety of crucial tasks. BVV™ Acetone 99% - SDS BVV Acetone 99% - COA Chemical Formula: C3H6O Molecular Weight: 58.080 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 67-64-1 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Pungent, fruity Density 0.7845 g/cm3 (25 °C) Boiling Point: 56.08 °C /132.94 °F Solubility in water: Miscible GHS Pictograms:   GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H302, H319, H336, H373 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P235, P260, P305+P351+P338 UN Identification Number: 1090 Proper Shipping Name: Acetone Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard: What is Acetone? Acetone is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a distinctive sweet, fruity odor. It is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6O, belonging to the ketone family. Acetone is widely used as a solvent in various industries due to its excellent solubility and fast evaporation rate. In addition to its solvent properties, acetone has many other applications. It is commonly used as a cleaning agent, degreaser, and paint thinner. It is also a key ingredient in nail polish removers and some cosmetic products. Acetone is utilized in the production of plastics, fibers, resins, and various chemicals. Additionally, it serves as a fuel additive and is used for scientific and laboratory purposes. As a highly versatile and effective solvent, acetone plays a vital role in numerous industrial, commercial, and domestic applications, making it an essential component in various processes. What Are The Properties of Acetone? Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and highly flammable liquid with several notable properties: Physical State: Acetone is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, with a boiling point of 132.8F/56C and a melting point of -94.9°C (-138.8°F). Odor: It has a distinct and characteristic odor that is often described as sweet or fruity. Solubility: Acetone is highly soluble in water, alcohols, ethers, and many other organic solvents. This high solubility contributes to its effectiveness as a cleaning agent and solvent. Density: The density of acetone is about 0.79 g/cm³, making it less dense than water. Vapor Pressure: Acetone has a relatively high vapor pressure, which means that it readily evaporates into the air at room temperature. Flammability: Acetone is highly flammable and has a low flash point of -20.8°C (-5.4°F). This means that it can easily ignite when exposed to an open flame, spark, or other sources of ignition. Reactivity: Acetone is a reactive compound and can participate in various chemical reactions. It can react with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. Acidity: Acetone is a weak acid, and its aqueous solutions can exhibit slightly acidic properties. Miscibility: Acetone is miscible with water and many organic solvents. This property makes it suitable for various applications in different industries. Polarity: Acetone is a polar solvent, meaning that it has a partial positive and partial negative charge distribution within its molecule. This polarity allows it to dissolve a wide range of polar and nonpolar compounds. Boiling Point: Acetone has a relatively low boiling point 132.8F/56C, which makes it easy to evaporate and separate from other substances during distillation processes. Evaporation Rate: Acetone has a fast evaporation rate, which makes it suitable for applications where rapid drying is necessary. It's important to note that acetone's properties contribute to its versatility and wide range of applications in various industries, including cleaning, manufacturing, laboratory work, cosmetics, and more. However, due to its flammability and reactivity, proper safety precautions should always be followed when working with acetone. What Is The Structure Of Acetone? The chemical structure of acetone consists of three atoms: one carbon (C) atom, one oxygen (O) atom, and three hydrogen (H) atoms. It is a simple organic compound with the molecular formula C3H6O. The structural formula of acetone can be represented as: In this structural representation: The central carbon (C) atom is bonded to two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. The oxygen atom is double-bonded to the central carbon atom, forming a carbonyl group (C=O). The remaining valences of the carbon atom are filled by single bonds to the two hydrogen atoms. This arrangement of atoms gives acetone its distinctive chemical properties, including its solubility in water, high vapor pressure, and reactivity as a solvent and chemical reagent. How Is Acetone Produced? Acetone is produced through various industrial processes, with the most common method being the catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol. Here's an overview of the primary process used to produce acetone: 1. Dehydrogenation of Isopropanol: The most widely used method to produce acetone is the dehydrogenation of isopropanol, also known as the "cumene process." This process involves several steps: a. Production of Cumene: Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is produced from benzene and propylene in the presence of a catalyst such as aluminum chloride. This results in the formation of cumene and hydrogen chloride as byproducts. b. Oxidation of Cumene to Cumene Hydroperoxide: Cumene is then oxidized using air to form cumene hydroperoxide, typically using a catalytic process with acid or base catalysts. c. Cleavage of Cumene Hydroperoxide: Cumene hydroperoxide is cleaved using acid catalysts to yield phenol and acetone. This reaction results in the simultaneous production of phenol, which is used as a valuable chemical in various industries. d. Distillation and Separation: The mixture of phenol and acetone is then separated using distillation techniques. Acetone is obtained as a separate product from the mixture. 2. Other Processes: Apart from the cumene process, there are alternative methods for acetone production, including: a. Propylene Oxidation: Acetone can be produced through the direct oxidation of propylene using air or oxygen as the oxidizing agent. This method yields propylene oxide and acetone as products. b. Acetaldehyde Condensation: In this method, acetaldehyde is condensed and dehydrated to form acetone. This process is less common compared to the cumene process. c. Bio-based Production: Research is ongoing to develop bio-based methods of acetone production, using renewable resources like biomass or microorganisms that can convert sugars into acetone. d. Repurposing Byproducts: Acetone can also be obtained as a byproduct in various industrial processes, such as the production of phenol, where acetone is produced alongside phenol from cumene hydroperoxide. The cumene process remains the most dominant and economical method for producing acetone on an industrial scale. The choice of production method depends on factors such as availability of feedstocks, economics, environmental considerations, and desired product yields. Is Acetone Safe? Acetone is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in appropriate amounts and under proper conditions. However, like any chemical substance, it should be handled with care and used according to safety guidelines. Here are some important points to consider regarding the safety of acetone: Ventilation: Acetone has a strong odor and can release fumes that may be irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. When using acetone, make sure you are in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation of the fumes. Skin Contact: Acetone can be drying to the skin and may cause irritation, especially with prolonged or frequent exposure. It's advisable to wear gloves when handling acetone to protect your skin. Eye Contact: Avoid getting acetone in your eyes, as it can cause irritation and discomfort. If accidental eye contact occurs, rinse your eyes thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Ingestion: Acetone is not intended for ingestion and should not be consumed. Ingesting acetone can be harmful and may lead to adverse health effects. Flammability: Acetone is highly flammable and should be kept away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources. Store acetone in a cool, dry place and away from direct sunlight. Sensitive Individuals: Some individuals may be more sensitive to the effects of acetone, experiencing skin irritation, allergic reactions, or respiratory discomfort. If you have a history of sensitivities or allergies, exercise caution when using acetone. Use as Directed: When using acetone for specific applications such as nail polish removal, adhesive removal, or cleaning, follow the recommended instructions on the product label or recipe. Avoid excessive or prolonged exposure. Alternative Options: If you are concerned about the potential risks of using acetone, you can consider using alternative products that are specifically formulated for the task at hand. For example, there are acetone-free nail polish removers available that may be gentler on the nails and cuticles. If you have specific health concerns or are unsure about the safety of using acetone, it's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional or seek advice from experts in the field. Additionally, reading and following safety information provided on product labels and material safety data sheets (MSDS) is crucial to ensure safe handling and use of acetone and other chemicals. What are the hazards of Acetone? Acetone is a commonly used chemical solvent, but like any chemical substance, it poses certain hazards that need to be considered when handling and using it. Some of the hazards associated with acetone include: Flammability: Acetone is highly flammable and can catch fire easily. Its low flash point makes it volatile and prone to ignition when exposed to open flames, sparks, or heat sources. It's important to store and use acetone away from potential sources of ignition. Inhalation Hazards: Acetone can release strong vapors that are irritating to the respiratory system. Prolonged or repeated inhalation of these vapors can lead to headaches, dizziness, nausea, and respiratory discomfort. Adequate ventilation is essential when using acetone to minimize exposure to its fumes. Skin and Eye Irritation: Acetone can be drying to the skin and may cause irritation or redness upon direct contact. It can also irritate the eyes and lead to discomfort if splashed or accidentally introduced into the eyes. Central Nervous System Effects: Acetone vapor exposure can affect the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and even unconsciousness at high concentrations. Toxic Effects: While acetone is generally considered to have low toxicity, exposure to large amounts or prolonged exposure can have toxic effects on the body. Ingesting acetone can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and even coma in severe cases. Health Risks: Long-term or chronic exposure to acetone can potentially have adverse health effects, including damage to the liver, kidneys, and respiratory system. Repeated skin contact can cause dryness and irritation. Environmental Impact: Improper disposal of acetone can lead to environmental contamination. Acetone is volatile and can easily evaporate into the air, contributing to air pollution. It can also be harmful to aquatic life if introduced into water bodies. Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to acetone, experiencing skin reactions or respiratory discomfort even at lower concentrations. It's important to take appropriate safety precautions when using acetone, including wearing protective gear such as gloves and safety goggles, working in a well-ventilated area, and avoiding open flames or heat sources. If working with acetone in an industrial or laboratory setting, it's crucial to follow established safety protocols and guidelines, as well as refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) provided by the manufacturer. Overall, while acetone is a valuable solvent with various applications, it should be handled with care and respect for its potential hazards. If you have any concerns or questions about the safe use of acetone, it's recommended to consult with experts in the field or seek guidance from health and safety professionals. How Flammable Is Acetone? Acetone is highly flammable and poses a significant fire and explosion hazard. It has a low flash point of -20.8°C (-5.4°F), which means that it can easily vaporize and form flammable mixtures with air at temperatures above its flash point. Acetone's wide flammability range (2.5% to 12.8% in air) indicates that even small concentrations of acetone vapor in the air can be ignited by a spark, open flame, or other sources of ignition. Due to its low flash point and flammable nature, acetone should be handled with extreme caution and stored away from sources of heat, sparks, and flames. When using acetone, it's important to follow proper safety practices, such as working in well-ventilated areas, using appropriate protective equipment, and avoiding activities that can generate sparks or heat. Acetone's high flammability also makes it necessary to take precautions when storing and transporting the solvent. Flammable liquids like acetone should be stored in approved containers and away from incompatible materials, such as oxidizing agents, to prevent potential chemical reactions and fires. It's essential to be aware of acetone's flammability and take all necessary safety measures to minimize the risk of fire and ensure a safe working environment when handling this solvent. How Is Acetone Used? Acetone is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of industrial, commercial, and household applications due to its excellent solvent properties and low toxicity. Here are some common uses of acetone: Solvent: Acetone is primarily known for its effectiveness as a solvent. It dissolves a variety of substances, making it useful for cleaning, degreasing, and removing residues from surfaces, equipment, and materials. It is commonly used in industrial settings to clean machinery and equipment. Nail Polish Remover: Acetone is a key ingredient in many nail polish removers. It effectively dissolves nail polish and helps remove it from the nails. Paint and Coating Removal: Acetone is used to remove paint, varnishes, lacquers, and other coatings from surfaces like wood, metal, and plastic. It's particularly useful for removing paint spills or overspray. Adhesive Remover: Acetone can be used to soften and remove adhesives, glues, and tapes from surfaces without causing damage. Chemical Intermediate: Acetone is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. It's a precursor in the manufacturing of products like methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A (used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins), and isopropyl alcohol. Laboratory Reagent: Acetone is used in laboratories as a reagent in various chemical reactions and as a solvent for analytical techniques like chromatography. Thinner for Paints and Inks: Acetone is used as a thinning agent for paints, inks, and varnishes to adjust their viscosity and improve their application. Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: Apart from nail polish remover, acetone is used in the production of cosmetics, skincare products, and perfumes. Medical and Pharmaceutical Uses: Acetone is used in some medical and pharmaceutical applications, such as cleaning medical equipment and removing residues from glassware in laboratories. Cleaning Agent: Acetone is effective at removing greasy or sticky residues from various surfaces. It's often used for cleaning electronics, removing ink stains, and cleaning glass surfaces. Fuel Additive: In some instances, acetone is used as an additive in fuel to improve its combustion efficiency, although this application is less common. Aerosol Propellant: Acetone's ability to vaporize quickly makes it useful as a propellant in aerosol products like air fresheners, deodorants, and cleaning sprays. It's important to note that while acetone is versatile and widely used, it should be handled with care due to its flammable nature. Proper ventilation and safety precautions should be taken when using acetone in any application. How Is Acetone Used In Extraction? Acetone is occasionally used in extraction processes, particularly in the field of chemistry and research, where it serves as a solvent to extract certain compounds from various materials. However, it's important to note that acetone has limitations and risks when used for extraction, and its use should be approached cautiously and with proper safety measures. Here's how acetone can be used in extraction processes: Extraction of Essential Oils and Fragrances: Acetone can be used to extract essential oils and fragrances from plant materials. The solvent's low boiling point allows it to evaporate quickly, leaving behind the extracted aromatic compounds. Extraction of Active Compounds: Acetone can be used to extract active compounds from natural sources, such as medicinal plants or herbs. The solvent's polarity can help dissolve and extract specific compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Extraction of Lipids and Fats: Acetone is sometimes used to extract lipids and fats from materials like seeds, nuts, or plant tissues. Its ability to dissolve fats and oils makes it suitable for this purpose. Research and Analysis: In laboratories, acetone is sometimes used as a solvent to prepare samples for analysis by techniques like chromatography or spectroscopy. It can help solubilize compounds of interest for further investigation. Cleaning and Preparing Samples: Acetone can be used to clean surfaces and equipment in preparation for various chemical processes, ensuring that surfaces are free from contaminants that could affect the extraction. Recrystallization: Acetone can also be used for recrystallization processes in the lab, where impure solid compounds are dissolved in acetone and then allowed to crystallize out in a more purified form. It's important to exercise caution when using acetone in extraction processes: Flammability: Acetone is highly flammable and should never be used near open flames or in poorly ventilated areas. Toxicity: Acetone can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn, and work should be conducted in a well-ventilated area. Chemical Compatibility: Acetone may not be suitable for extracting all types of compounds, as it can degrade certain materials and might not effectively extract specific compounds. Due to these risks and limitations, alternative solvents or extraction methods are often preferred in various extraction processes. When considering using acetone in an extraction, it's crucial to assess the specific requirements of the extraction and ensure that proper safety measures are in place. What Gaskets Are Compatible With Acetone? Acetone is a powerful solvent that can degrade certain materials, including both silicone and Nitrile/BUNA-N gaskets. When choosing gaskets for use with acetone, it's essential to select materials that are resistant to the solvent's effects to ensure safe and effective sealing. The following gasket materials are generally considered compatible with acetone: PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): PTFE gaskets, also known as Teflon gaskets, are highly resistant to acetone and a wide range of other chemicals. They have excellent chemical stability and can withstand the corrosive nature of acetone. Viton (Fluoroelastomer): Viton gaskets are resistant to a variety of chemicals, including acetone. They are often used in applications where high-temperature and chemical resistance are required. EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer): EPDM gaskets are compatible with acetone for short exposure periods. However, their compatibility may be limited in extended contact with acetone or under specific conditions. It's important to note that the compatibility of gasket materials with acetone can vary based on factors such as temperature, concentration, and exposure duration. Before selecting gaskets for use with acetone, it's advisable to also consider the temperature and pressure range of your application to ensure that the chosen material is suitable for your specific application. Additionally, when working with acetone or any other chemical, it's crucial to follow proper safety protocols, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), working in a well-ventilated area, and observing all relevant safety guidelines. How do I clean with Acetone? Cleaning with acetone involves a few simple steps, but it's important to exercise caution due to its flammable nature and strong odor. Here's how to clean with acetone safely and effectively: Materials Needed: Acetone Clean, lint-free cloth or paper towels Ventilated area or protective mask Gloves Eye protection Steps: Choose a Well-Ventilated Area: Before you begin, make sure you're in a well-ventilated space. Acetone has strong fumes, so working outdoors or in a well-ventilated room is recommended. If ventilation is limited, consider wearing a protective mask and eye protection. Put on Protective Gear: While not always necessary for small cleaning tasks, wearing gloves and eye protection can help prevent skin and eye irritation. Test in an Inconspicuous Area: Before using acetone on a larger surface, test it in a small, inconspicuous area to ensure it doesn't damage or discolor the material you're cleaning. Apply Acetone: Moisten a clean, lint-free cloth or paper towel with a small amount of acetone. Gently blot or rub the area you want to clean. Start with a light touch and gradually increase pressure if needed. Avoid scrubbing vigorously, as this could damage surfaces or spread stains. Wipe Clean: As you blot or rub, you'll notice that dirt, residue, or certain stains are lifted onto the cloth. Continue until the area looks clean. For stubborn stains, you may need to repeat the process or use a slightly more concentrated amount of acetone. Dry the Area: After cleaning, use a separate clean cloth or paper towel to dry the area thoroughly. This helps prevent any remaining acetone from evaporating and leaving streaks. Dispose of Materials Safely: Dispose of used cloths, paper towels, and other materials soaked in acetone responsibly. Place them in a sealed container or bag and dispose of them according to your local regulations for hazardous waste. Wash Hands: After you're finished, wash your hands with soap and water to remove any traces of acetone. Important Tips: Acetone can damage certain plastics, paints, and finishes, so always test it in an inconspicuous area first. Do not use acetone on leather, acetate fabrics, or materials with printed designs, as it can cause fading or damage. Keep acetone away from open flames, sparks, or heat sources, as it is highly flammable. Always work in a well-ventilated area or use appropriate personal protective equipment. Remember that acetone is a powerful solvent, so it's best suited for specific cleaning tasks like removing certain adhesives, paint splatters, or sticky residues. If you're uncertain about using acetone on a particular material or surface, consider seeking professional advice or trying an alternative cleaning method. How Do I Make My Own Acetone-Based Nail Polish Remover? Cleaning with acetone involves a few simple steps, but it's important to exercise caution due to its flammable nature and strong odor. Here's how to clean with acetone safely and effectively: Materials Needed: Acetone Clean, lint-free cloth or paper towels Ventilated area or protective mask Gloves (optional) Eye protection (optional) Steps: Choose a Well-Ventilated Area: Before you begin, make sure you're in a well-ventilated space. Acetone has strong fumes, so working outdoors or in a well-ventilated room is recommended. If ventilation is limited, consider wearing a protective mask and eye protection. Put on Protective Gear: While not always necessary for small cleaning tasks, wearing gloves and eye protection can help prevent skin and eye irritation. Test in an Inconspicuous Area: Before using acetone on a larger surface, test it in a small, inconspicuous area to ensure it doesn't damage or discolor the material you're cleaning. Apply Acetone: Moisten a clean, lint-free cloth or paper towel with a small amount of acetone. Gently blot or rub the area you want to clean. Start with a light touch and gradually increase pressure if needed. Avoid scrubbing vigorously, as this could damage surfaces or spread stains. Wipe Clean: As you blot or rub, you'll notice that dirt, residue, or certain stains are lifted onto the cloth. Continue until the area looks clean. For stubborn stains, you may need to repeat the process or use a slightly more concentrated amount of acetone. Dry the Area: After cleaning, use a separate clean cloth or paper towel to dry the area thoroughly. This helps prevent any remaining acetone from evaporating and leaving streaks. Dispose of Materials Safely: Dispose of used cloths, paper towels, and other materials soaked in acetone responsibly. Place them in a sealed container or bag and dispose of them according to your local regulations for hazardous waste. Wash Hands: After you're finished, wash your hands with soap and water to remove any traces of acetone. Important Tips: Acetone can damage certain plastics, paints, and finishes, so always test it in an inconspicuous area first. Do not use acetone on leather, acetate fabrics, or materials with printed designs, as it can cause fading or damage. Keep acetone away from open flames, sparks, or heat sources, as it is highly flammable. Always work in a well-ventilated area or use appropriate personal protective equipment. Remember that acetone is a powerful solvent, so it's best suited for specific cleaning tasks like removing certain adhesives, paint splatters, or sticky residues. If you're uncertain about using acetone on a particular material or surface, consider seeking professional advice or trying an alternative cleaning method. What Is The Average Amount Of Acetone Used in Nail Polish Remover? The average amount of acetone used in commercial nail polish remover products typically ranges from 30% to 50%. This means that the nail polish remover solution contains 30% to 50% acetone, along with other ingredients such as water, emollients, and fragrances. The exact percentage can vary depending on the brand and formulation of the nail polish remover. When making your own nail polish remover at home, you can use pure acetone or a solution with a similar acetone concentration. Keep in mind that using pure acetone can be harsh on your nails and cuticles, potentially causing dryness and irritation with frequent use. It's a good idea to experiment with different acetone concentrations and observe how your nails and skin react to find the right balance between effective nail polish removal and gentle care for your nails. How Do you Dispose of Acetone? Disposing of acetone properly is important to ensure environmental and personal safety. Here are the steps to follow for proper acetone disposal: Check Local Regulations: Before disposing of acetone, check your local regulations and guidelines for hazardous waste disposal. Different regions may have specific requirements and disposal methods. Use a Secure Container: Transfer the acetone to a tightly sealed, labeled, and non-reactive container. Glass or metal containers with a secure lid are recommended. Label the Container: Clearly label the container with the contents ("Acetone"), the hazard symbol, and any other relevant information. Do Not Mix: Do not mix acetone with other chemicals, as this could lead to hazardous reactions. Contact Local Waste Disposal Facility: Contact your local hazardous waste disposal facility or municipality to inquire about drop-off locations and collection programs for hazardous materials. Do Not Pour Down the Drain: Do not pour acetone down the drain, toilet, or any other water source, as it can contaminate water systems and harm the environment. Evaporate in a Controlled Setting: If allowed by local regulations, you can let a small amount of acetone evaporate in a well-ventilated outdoor area. Ensure it's away from open flames, sparks, or ignition sources. Recycle or Reuse: Some regions may offer recycling or reclamation programs for acetone or other solvents. Research if any such programs are available in your area. Professional Disposal: If you have a large amount of acetone or are uncertain about the proper disposal method, consider contacting a professional hazardous waste disposal service. Remember, improper disposal of hazardous materials like acetone can harm the environment, human health, and local communities. Always prioritize safety and follow the regulations set by your local authorities for proper disposal.

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BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade N-Pentane 99% HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL   (Note: Container style and color may vary) BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade n-Pentane 99% is a hydrocarbon that has properties that are similar to butanes and hexanes. Pentane is a non-polar solvent and refrigerant. Pentane is used for the extraction and eluting of distillates, concentrates, volatiles, and essential oils from plant materials. Pentane can be used with hydrocarbon extraction systems that extract herbal oils, botanical compounds and oils from plants. It is a colorless liquid and has a petroleum-like odor.    N-Pentane SDS N-Pentane COA   Chemical Formula: C5H12 Molecular Weight: 72.151 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 109-66-0 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Gasoline-like Density 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C) Boiling Point: 35.9°C /96.5 °F Solubility in water: 40 mg/L (20 °C) GHS Pictograms:     GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H304, H336, H411 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 UN Identification Number: 1265 Proper Shipping Name: Pentanes Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard:   What Is N-Pentane? N-Pentane, also known as normal pentane, is a straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C5H12. It is one of the isomers of pentane, a hydrocarbon that consists of five carbon atoms bonded together in a linear, unbranched chain. n-Pentane is called "normal" because its carbon atoms are arranged in a continuous, straight chain, without any branching. What Are The Properties Of N-Pentane? Here are some of the key properties of n-pentane: Physical State: At room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, n-pentane is a colorless, clear, and highly flammable liquid. Odor: It has a gasoline-like or organic solvent-like odor. Boiling Point: The boiling point of n-pentane is approximately 36.1 degrees Celsius (97 degrees Fahrenheit). This relatively low boiling point makes it useful in various applications. Density: The density of n-pentane at room temperature is about 0.626 grams per milliliter (g/mL). It is less dense than water, which has a density of 1 g/mL. Solubility: n-Pentane is sparingly soluble in water, which means it does not readily mix with water. This is because it is a nonpolar compound, and water is a polar solvent. However, it is highly soluble in nonpolar solvents and organic compounds. Flammability: n-Pentane is highly flammable and poses a fire hazard. It has a low flash point and can easily ignite when exposed to an open flame or heat source. Vapor Pressure: It has a relatively high vapor pressure at room temperature, meaning it readily evaporates into the air. Chemical Structure: As a straight-chain alkane, n-pentane consists of five carbon atoms bonded together in a linear fashion, with 12 hydrogen atoms bonded to these carbons. Molar Mass: The molar mass of n-pentane is approximately 72.15 grams per mole (g/mol). Reactivity: n-Pentane is relatively unreactive under normal conditions and does not readily undergo chemical reactions with common reagents. Uses: It is used as a laboratory solvent, industrial solvent, component in fuel blends, foam blowing agent, and as a chemical reagent in various applications. Safety Precautions: Due to its high flammability, proper safety precautions should be taken when handling n-pentane. It should be stored away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources. Environmental Impact: Like other hydrocarbons, the combustion of n-pentane releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. n-Pentane is commonly employed in laboratory and industrial settings as a solvent, and its physical and chemical properties make it suitable for various applications. However, its flammability requires careful handling and storage to prevent accidents. What Is The Difference between N-Pentane and ISO-Pentane? n-Pentane and isopentane are two different structural isomers of pentane, each with distinct molecular arrangements. Here are the key differences between n-pentane and isopentane: Structural Arrangement: n-Pentane (Normal Pentane): n-Pentane has a linear, straight-chain structure with five carbon atoms connected in a continuous, unbranched chain. It is sometimes referred to as "normal" pentane due to its unbranched structure. Isopentane (2-Methylbutane): Isopentane has a branched-chain structure with one methyl (CH3) group branching off from the second carbon atom (C2) of the main carbon chain. This branching gives it its common name, "isopentane." Physical Properties: n-Pentane: n-Pentane is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It has a higher boiling point than isopentane and is less volatile. Isopentane: Isopentane is also a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature, but it has a lower boiling point compared to n-pentane. It is more volatile and evaporates more easily. Boiling Points: n-Pentane: The boiling point of n-pentane is approximately 36.1 degrees Celsius (97 degrees Fahrenheit). Isopentane: The boiling point of isopentane is lower, at approximately -11.7 degrees Celsius (11 degrees Fahrenheit). This lower boiling point makes it more suitable for certain applications. Applications: n-Pentane: n-Pentane is used as a laboratory solvent, in the formulation of industrial solvents, and as a component in gasoline and other fuels. Its relatively higher boiling point makes it less volatile and suitable for some applications where slow evaporation is desired. Isopentane: Isopentane is commonly used as a refrigerant and as a component in aerosol propellants, blowing agents for foam production, and as a solvent. Its lower boiling point and greater volatility make it useful in these applications. In summary, n-pentane and isopentane differ in their molecular structures, physical properties, boiling points, and applications. The choice between the two depends on the specific requirements of a given application, with n-pentane being less volatile and isopentane being more volatile. What Is The Structure Of N-Pentane? Pentane is an alkane with the chemical formula C5H12. It is a colorless, flammable liquid that is commonly used as a solvent and a fuel. The structure of pentane is a straight chain of five carbon atoms, with each carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. The carbon atoms in pentane are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry, with each carbon atom forming four bonds with other atoms. The hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon atoms in a single bond.   What Is Pentane Used For? Pentane, both in its various isomeric forms (n-pentane and isopentane), has several industrial and commercial applications due to its properties as a hydrocarbon solvent and fuel component. Here are some common uses of pentane: Solvent: Pentane is used as a nonpolar solvent in various laboratory and industrial applications. It is particularly useful for dissolving oils, fats, waxes, and some organic compounds. Its low boiling point and relatively low toxicity make it suitable for these purposes. Foam Blowing Agent: Isopentane (also known as 2-methylbutane) is often used as a blowing agent in the production of polyurethane foams. When mixed with other chemicals, isopentane vaporizes and creates bubbles within the foam, leading to its expansion and formation. Fuel Component: Pentane, primarily in the form of isopentane, is used as a component in gasoline and other fuel blends. It enhances the octane rating of gasoline and helps reduce engine knocking, improving engine performance. Chemical Reagent: Pentane can serve as a chemical reagent in organic synthesis and research. It may be used as a reactant in some chemical reactions or as a medium for certain processes. Extraction: In laboratories, pentane is utilized for liquid-liquid extractions to separate compounds from mixtures based on differences in solubility. It is a common choice for extracting natural products and essential oils. Cleaning Agent: Pentane is employed for cleaning and degreasing purposes in industrial settings. It can effectively remove residues, contaminants, and oils from various surfaces and equipment. Refrigeration: Pentane has been used as a refrigerant in some applications, particularly in the form of isopentane. However, due to environmental concerns and regulations related to ozone depletion, its use as a refrigerant has diminished. Analytical Chemistry: In gas chromatography (GC), pentane is sometimes used as a carrier gas to transport samples through the GC column for analysis. Adhesives and Sealants: Some adhesive and sealant formulations may contain pentane as a solvent or propellant. Aerosol Propellants: Pentane, particularly isopentane, has been used as a propellant in aerosol spray products. Energy Production: In certain regions, pentane may be used as a fuel for heating and electricity generation, although this application is less common. It's important to note that while pentane has various industrial and commercial uses, safety precautions should be taken when handling it due to its flammable nature. Proper storage, ventilation, and safety measures are essential to minimize the risk of accidents. Additionally, environmental regulations and concerns have led to the exploration of alternative substances in some applications where pentane was traditionally used as a refrigerant or propellant. How Is Pentane Produced? Pentane is typically produced from petroleum through refining processes. It is a natural component of crude oil, and the separation and purification of pentane from crude oil involve various refining techniques. Here's an overview of how pentane is produced: Fractional Distillation: Crude oil is first subjected to fractional distillation in an oil refinery. This process separates the crude oil into different fractions based on their boiling points. Pentane, along with other hydrocarbons of similar boiling points, is separated from the crude oil in this initial distillation step. Fraction Separation: The fraction obtained in the distillation containing pentane and similar hydrocarbons is further separated in subsequent distillation columns. These columns are designed to separate hydrocarbons with similar boiling points, and pentane is separated from other hydrocarbons through a series of distillation steps. Purification: After the initial separation, the pentane fraction may still contain impurities and other hydrocarbons. To obtain high-purity pentane, additional purification steps are often employed. One common method is solvent extraction, where selective solvents are used to remove impurities. Adsorption and molecular sieves may also be used for purification. Final Processing: The purified pentane may undergo additional processing steps to meet specific product specifications or requirements. For example, it may be dried to remove any remaining water content. Packaging and Distribution: Once purified and processed, pentane is typically packaged into containers suitable for transportation and distribution. It may be distributed to various industries where it is used for its specific applications. Overall, the production of pentane is part of the larger petroleum refining process, and its availability depends on the composition of the crude oil and the specific refining techniques employed by the refinery. What Are The Hazards Of Pentane? Pentane, like other hydrocarbon compounds, poses certain hazards, especially when handled and used in industrial or laboratory settings. It's essential to be aware of these hazards and take appropriate safety precautions when working with pentane. Here are some of the hazards associated with pentane: Flammable: Pentane is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air when its vapor concentration is within a specific range (approximately 1.5% to 7.8% by volume). This means that even a small spark or open flame can ignite pentane vapors, leading to fires or explosions. Health Hazards: Inhalation of pentane vapor can cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, headache, nausea, and, in severe cases, central nervous system depression. Prolonged exposure to pentane may lead to adverse health effects, including drowsiness, unconsciousness, and even asphyxiation. Irritant: Pentane can be a skin and eye irritant. Contact with the skin may cause irritation, redness, and dermatitis, particularly with prolonged or repeated exposure. Eye contact with pentane can result in irritation, redness, and discomfort. Environmental Impact: Pentane is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that can contribute to air pollution. When released into the atmosphere, it can react with other pollutants and contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, which is harmful to human health and the environment. Asphyxiation Hazard: Pentane vapors can displace oxygen in poorly ventilated areas, creating an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. This can lead to asphyxiation if pentane is released in a confined space without proper ventilation. To use pentane safely, consider the following precautions: Work in well-ventilated areas or use exhaust systems to prevent the buildup of pentane vapors. Avoid open flames, sparks, and hot surfaces when working with pentane, and ensure that electrical equipment and wiring are explosion-proof in areas where pentane is used. Store pentane in approved containers away from heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, gloves, and lab coats, when handling pentane. Have emergency response measures in place, including fire extinguishers and eyewash stations, when working with pentane. Follow safety data sheet (SDS) guidelines and procedures provided by the manufacturer or supplier of pentane. Educate and train personnel on the safe handling and storage of pentane. It's crucial to have a thorough understanding of the potential hazards associated with pentane and to implement appropriate safety measures to mitigate these risks. Always follow safety guidelines and regulations specific to your workplace or laboratory when working with pentane or any other hazardous chemicals. How Do I Use Pentane Safely? Using pentane safely is essential due to its flammable nature and associated hazards. Whether you're working with pentane in a laboratory, industrial setting, or any other environment, following proper safety procedures is crucial. Here are some steps to use pentane safely: Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Always work in a properly ventilated area. Ensure that fumes and vapors can be effectively removed to prevent the buildup of pentane in the air. No Open Flames or Sparks: Avoid working near open flames, sparks, or other potential ignition sources. Pentane is highly flammable and can ignite easily. Use Appropriate Containers: Store pentane in approved containers designed for flammable liquids. These containers are typically designed to prevent leaks and resist fire. Keep Away from Heat Sources: Store pentane away from heat sources, including direct sunlight, radiators, and hot surfaces. Static Electricity: Ground yourself and any equipment that could generate static electricity. This helps prevent static sparks that could ignite pentane vapors. Wear Protective Gear: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, gloves, and lab coats, to protect your eyes, skin, and clothing from contact with pentane. No Smoking or Eating: Do not smoke or eat while working with pentane. Keep food and beverages away from the work area. Emergency Equipment: Have safety equipment on hand, such as fire extinguishers, eyewash stations, and safety showers, in case of accidents or emergencies. Avoid Confined Spaces: Do not use pentane in confined spaces without proper ventilation. Pentane vapors can displace oxygen, leading to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Secure Containers: Ensure that containers are tightly sealed when not in use. Prevent spills and leaks. Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Familiarize yourself with the safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier of pentane. SDS contains important information about the chemical's properties, hazards, and safe handling procedures. Training and Education: Train all personnel working with pentane on its safe handling, storage, and disposal. Ensure that they understand the hazards and know how to respond to emergencies. Labeling and Signage: Clearly label containers of pentane with appropriate warnings and hazard symbols. Use warning signs in areas where pentane is stored or used. Emergency Response: Develop and communicate emergency response plans, including evacuation procedures and fire safety protocols. Conduct regular drills to ensure that personnel are prepared. Proper Disposal: Dispose of pentane and any contaminated materials according to local, state, and federal regulations. Do not pour pentane down drains or dispose of it improperly. Regular Inspections: Periodically inspect equipment, storage areas, and containers for signs of damage or deterioration. Replace damaged equipment or containers promptly. By following these safety guidelines and practices, you can minimize the risks associated with pentane use and create a safer working environment. Always prioritize safety and be prepared to respond to potential emergencies involving pentane or other flammable chemicals.    

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BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Methanol  HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL (Note: Container style and color may vary) Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Plastic Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1 Gallon sizes BVV™ High Purity Lab Grade Methanol is used to remove and extract terpenes, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, lignans, and terpinoids from plants. It is used to extract bio-active, phenolic and polar compounds from medicinal plants. Methanol is a high purity solvent used to manufacture botanical solutions and is easily evaporated.  Methanol is used in research and testing laboratories for phytochemical study, phytochemical analysis and chemical synthesis. Methanol is used to prepare methanol/water/acetic acid mixtures.   BVV™ Methanol SDS BVV™ Methanol COA Chemical Formula: CH3OH Molecular Weight: 32.042 g·mol−1 CAS Registry Number: 67-56-1 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Faint and similar to ethanol Density 0.792 g/cm3 Boiling Point: 64.7 °C /148.5 °F Solubility in water: miscible GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H301, H302, H305, H311, H331, H370 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P233, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P311, P312, P337+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, P501 UN Identification Number: 1230 Proper Shipping Name: Methanol Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard: What Is Methanol? Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a type of alcohol with the chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) linked to a hydroxyl group (OH). Methanol is a colorless, flammable liquid with a slightly sweet odor. It is commonly used as an industrial solvent, antifreeze, fuel, and as a feedstock in the production of chemicals, plastics, and synthetic materials. Methanol can be synthesized from various sources, including natural gas, carbon monoxide, and biomass. It is considered a hazardous substance due to its toxicity when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Methanol is also used as an industrial and laboratory solvent and as a fuel in some types of racing cars and model engines. One important thing to note is that methanol is highly toxic when consumed, and even small amounts can be lethal. It should never be ingested, and safety precautions should be taken when handling this substance. What Is Methanol Used For? Methanol is used for a wide range of industrial, commercial, and laboratory applications. Some of its common uses include: Fuel: Methanol is used as an alternative fuel in some types of vehicles, particularly racing cars and model engines. It is also used in the production of biodiesel and as a fuel additive. Solvent: Methanol is a versatile solvent that can dissolve a variety of substances, making it useful in industries such as paint, varnish, and ink production. It is also used as a cleaning agent in laboratories and industrial settings. Antifreeze: Methanol is an essential component of some antifreeze formulations, where it helps prevent the freezing of engine coolant in cold temperatures. Chemical Intermediate: Methanol serves as a key building block in the production of various chemicals and materials, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl methacrylate (used in plastics and coatings), and more. Fuel Cell Feedstock: Methanol can be used as a feedstock for the production of hydrogen, which can be used in fuel cells for electricity generation and other applications. Preservative: In the pharmaceutical and personal care industries, methanol is used as a preservative in some products. Denaturant: Methanol is added to industrial ethanol to make it unfit for consumption (denatured). This ensures that the ethanol cannot be used for drinking purposes and is used for industrial applications. Laboratory Reagent: Methanol is commonly used in laboratories as a reagent and solvent for various chemical experiments and analyses. Extraction: It is used in some extraction processes, such as the extraction of essential oils from plants. Energy Storage: Methanol is being explored as a potential energy carrier for energy storage and transportation, particularly in the form of methanol fuel cells. It's important to note that methanol is toxic to humans and should be handled with care. Ingesting or inhaling methanol vapors can be extremely dangerous and potentially fatal. Proper safety precautions and handling procedures are necessary when working with methanol. What Is The Structure of Methanol? Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, has a simple chemical structure. Its molecular formula is CH3OH, which represents one carbon (C) atom, four hydrogen (H) atoms, and one oxygen (O) atom bonded together. Here's the structural formula of methanol: In this structure: The central carbon atom (C) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O). The oxygen atom is bonded to the carbon atom through a single covalent bond (C-O). The remaining three hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon atom, completing its four covalent bonds. Methanol is a polar molecule due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen atoms, which results in a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity gives methanol its unique chemical properties and makes it a versatile solvent in various applications. What are the Hazards of Methanol? Methanol, while commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications, poses several hazards, primarily due to its toxic and flammable nature. Here are some of the hazards associated with methanol: Toxicity: Methanol is highly toxic to humans when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. The toxic effects are primarily due to its metabolites, formaldehyde, and formic acid. Methanol poisoning can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, it can cause blindness, organ failure, and death. Flammability: Methanol is flammable and can form explosive mixtures in the air when its vapor concentration is within certain limits. It has a relatively low flashpoint, making it susceptible to ignition by heat, sparks, or open flames. Proper storage and handling precautions are essential to prevent fire hazards. Irritant: Methanol can be irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Contact with methanol vapor or liquid can lead to skin irritation, redness, and chemical burns. Inhaling methanol vapor can irritate the respiratory system and cause coughing and throat irritation. Environmental Impact: Methanol is harmful to the environment. Spills or releases of methanol can contaminate soil and water, posing a risk to aquatic life and ecosystems. It is important to handle and dispose of methanol responsibly to minimize its environmental impact. Incompatibility: Methanol should not be stored or transported in containers or systems that have previously held incompatible materials, as it can react with some substances and form hazardous compounds. Cumulative Exposure: Prolonged or repeated exposure to methanol vapor or mist over time can result in cumulative health effects, particularly on the central nervous system and the optic nerve. Ingestion Risk: Methanol has a sweet taste and is sometimes mistaken for ethanol (the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages). Accidental ingestion of methanol can occur, especially if it is stored in containers that are not clearly labeled. To safely handle methanol and mitigate these hazards, it is crucial to follow strict safety protocols, use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), store methanol in well-ventilated areas away from open flames, and provide proper training to personnel working with methanol. Emergency response plans and first-aid measures for methanol exposure should also be in place in case of accidents or spills. How Do I Use Methanol Safely? Using methanol safely is essential due to its toxic and flammable nature. Whether you're working with methanol in a laboratory, industrial setting, or other applications, here are some guidelines for safe handling: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, a lab coat or chemical-resistant apron, and closed-toe shoes. Consider additional protective gear, such as a face shield, when handling large quantities or performing high-risk operations. Storage: Store methanol in well-ventilated areas away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight. Use containers made of materials compatible with methanol, such as glass or approved plastic containers. Label containers clearly with the contents. Ensure proper labeling and hazard signage in storage areas. Handling: Handle methanol in a fume hood or well-ventilated workspace to minimize inhalation exposure. Do not use methanol near open flames, sparks, or heat sources. Avoid skin contact; wear gloves and lab coats to prevent skin exposure. Use a face shield or safety goggles to protect your eyes. Spill Response: Have spill kits and absorbent materials (e.g., spill pads, spill pillows) available for immediate use. In the event of a spill, ventilate the area, and contain the spill to prevent it from spreading. Wear appropriate PPE when cleaning up spills. Follow your workplace's spill response procedures and dispose of contaminated materials properly. Storage and Dispensing: Use safety containers designed for methanol when dispensing or transferring the liquid. Never use glassware or containers that have been used for other chemicals without thorough cleaning. Ensure proper grounding and bonding when transferring methanol to prevent static electricity buildup. Inhalation Exposure: Minimize inhalation exposure by working in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood. If you suspect inhalation exposure, move to an area with fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Ingestion Prevention: Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where methanol is handled. Avoid using containers or equipment that may be contaminated with methanol for food or beverage storage. Fire Safety: Methanol is flammable; keep it away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where methanol vapors may be present. Emergency Response: Familiarize yourself with the location of safety showers, eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, and emergency exits. Know the location of first-aid supplies and procedures for methanol exposure. Training and Education: Ensure that personnel handling methanol are properly trained in its safe handling, storage, and emergency response procedures. Waste Disposal: Dispose of methanol waste in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations for hazardous waste disposal. Always follow your workplace's safety protocols and consult with safety officers or supervisors for specific safety procedures related to methanol handling in your environment. Regular safety training and awareness are essential to prevent accidents and protect your health when working with methanol.

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BVV™ Ethanol 200 Proof, SDA 3C Contains: Isopropyl Alcohol ~4.69% 100% AVB (alcohol by volume) HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL Specially Denatured Alcohol, 3C is a mixture of 200 proof grain ethanol mixed with just under 5% isopropyl alcohol.  Its laboratory grade and is used for scientific applications, perfume, reagent/solvent, personal care products, and research and as and as a fuel for certain types of lamps and burners. The term "200 proof" refers to the alcohol's strength, which is equivalent to 100% alcohol by volume (ABV). This means that there is no water or other substances present in the alcohol, making it very pure and highly concentrated. Ethanol 200 Proof, SDA 3C Certificate of Analysis (COA) Ethanol 200 Proof, SDA 3C Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Chemical Formula: C2H5OH Molecular Weight: 46.069 CAS Registry Number: Ethanol 64-17-5 Isopropyl Alcohol 67-63-0 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: wine-like, pungent Density 0.78945 g/cm3 @ 20 °C Boiling Point: 78.23C/172.81F Solubility in water: Miscible GHS Pictograms:    GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H319, H360D GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P305+P351+P338 UN Identification Number: 1170 Proper Shipping Name: Ethanol Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: II DOT Placard:

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This is an aluminum alloy universal drum wrench that is used on 3/4" and 2" drums and barrel bungs. This lightweight wrench can be used to open bungs and is capable of quarter turns in tighter spaces. Perfect for various facility and warehouse uses.

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10' PVC Hose Kit, PP Nozzle, 1" Female Camlock, for Drums or IBC Totes     The 26BNZ1 is an IBC Kit with a 10' PVC hose and Polypropylene (PP) 1" nozzle with 1" camlock couple that dispenses liquids from drums. The kit needs to be used with the 26BNZ4. The 1" OD nozzle has a Viton O-Ring. The dispensing nozzle is hand operated and both the hose and nozzle are resistant towards chemicals.   Disclaimer:  This information has been provided as a general guide. It is the customer's responsibility to select the proper container for product and application compatibility. The Cary Company does hereby disclaim any and all warranties, expressed or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use. We are not responsible for consequential damages arising from customer's selection and use of containers, container and label dimensions, and/or closures supplied by us.

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Part A 2" Stubby NPT to Cam Lock Adaptor     This adapter converts 2" (50mm) male NPT pipe threads to a 2" male camlock. The adapter incorporates female NPT threads on one end and male camlock (also known as a quick disconnect or QD) on the other for connecting pipes and valves with different ends. Made of tough polypropylene (PP), this adapter also incorporates an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) gasket for a leak-tight connection. Shallow profile ensures valve does not protrude past IBC tote cage. Key benefits: Converts 2" male NPT pipe thread to a 2" male camlock 2" long profile does not protrude past IBC cage during transport Made of PP EPDM gasket ensures a secure seal Suitable for use in a wide variety of liquid handling applications Proudly Made in the USA     Material: Polypropylene (PP) is a tough plastic that has good chemical resistance. PP is translucent in its natural state but can have a glossy finish when produced with color. Some examples of common products made with PP are dairy and medication containers. Polypropylene is suitable for hot fill applications of up to 165°F and is therefore great for autoclaving. It is not recommended for cold or sub-freezing temperatures. The Cary Company has an assortment of polypropylene plastics available for purchase, such as plastic caps and jars, which have a higher tolerance for chemical products.       Disclaimer:  This information has been provided as a general guide. It is the customer's responsibility to select the proper container for product and application compatibility.   Material PP Dimensions 2.4" Dia. x 1.02" H Weight 0.1 lbs. Case Pack 200 ea. Case Dimensions 15" L x 15" W x 16" H Case Weight 20 lbs. Pallet Pack 6,000 ea. (30 Cases) Pallet Dimensions 40" L x 48" W x 60" H Pallet Weight 600 lbs. Country of Manufacture United States Gasket EPDM Rubber Gasket

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Part A 2" Stubby Metric Cam Lock Adaptor   This adapter converts 2" (50mm) male buttress pipe threads to a 2" male camlock. The adapter incorporates female buttress threads on one end and a male Camlock (also known as a quick-disconnect or QD) on the other for connecting pipes and valves with different ends. Made of tough polypropylene (PP), this adapter also incorporates an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) gasket for a leak-tight connection. Shallow profile ensures valve does not protrude past IBC tote cage. Key benefits: Converts 2" male buttress pipe thread to a 2" male quick-disconnect 2" long profile does not protrude past IBC cage during transport Combo camlock/NPT end allows use of a shallow NPT cap Made of PP EPDM gasket ensures a secure seal Suitable for use in a wide variety of liquid handling applications Proudly Made in the USA   Material: Polypropylene (PP) is a tough plastic that has good chemical resistance. PP is translucent in its natural state but can have a glossy finish when produced with color. Some examples of common products made with PP are dairy and medication containers. Polypropylene is suitable for hot fill applications of up to 165°F and is therefore great for autoclaving. It is not recommended for cold or sub-freezing temperatures. The Cary Company has an assortment of polypropylene plastics available for purchase, such as plastic caps and jars, which have a higher tolerance for chemical products.   Disclaimer:  This information has been provided as a general guide. It is the customer's responsibility to select the proper container for product and application compatibility.     Material PP Dimensions 2.4" Dia. x 1.02" H Weight 0.1 lbs. Case Pack 200 ea. Case Dimensions 15" L x 15" W x 16" H Case Weight 20 lbs. Pallet Pack 4,800 ea. (24 Cases) Pallet Dimensions 40" L x 48" W x 60" H Pallet Weight 480 lbs. Country of Manufacture United States Gasket EPDM Rubber Gasket

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 2" Stubby Buttress to NPT Adaptor This adapter converts 2" (50mm) male buttress pipe threads to 2" male NPT pipe threads. The adapter incorporates female buttress threads on one end and male NPT threads on the other for connecting pipes and valves with different ends. Made of tough polypropylene (PP), this adapter also incorporates an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) gasket for a leak-tight connection. Shallow profile ensures valve does not protrude past IBC tote cage. Key benefits: Converts 2" male buttress pipe thread to a 2" male NPT pipe thread 2" long profile does not protrude past IBC cage during transport Made of PP EPDM gasket ensures a secure seal Suitable for use in a wide variety of liquid handling applications Proudly Made in the USA   Material: Polypropylene (PP) is a tough plastic that has good chemical resistance. PP is translucent in its natural state but can have a glossy finish when produced with color. Some examples of common products made with PP are dairy and medication containers. Polypropylene is suitable for hot fill applications of up to 165°F and is therefore great for autoclaving. It is not recommended for cold or sub-freezing temperatures. The Cary Company has an assortment of polypropylene plastics available for purchase, such as plastic caps and jars, which have a higher tolerance for chemical products.   Disclaimer:  This information has been provided as a general guide. It is the customer's responsibility to select the proper container for product and application compatibility.     Material PP Dimensions 2.4" Dia. x 1.02" H Weight 0.135 lbs. Case Pack 200 ea. Case Dimensions 15" L x 15" W x 16" H Case Weight 27 lbs. Pallet Pack 4,800 ea. (24 Cases) Pallet Dimensions 40" L x 48" W x 60" H Pallet Weight 648 lbs. Country of Manufacture United States Gasket EPDM Rubber Gasket Note: Color may vary.

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Recommended for dispensing light oils, acids and cleaning solutions.  FDA approved high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic faucet. The faucet is designed to fit 2" NPT threads and can be used to dispense most non-flammable liquids. Use with plastic and steel drums. Tough polyethylene. FDA compliant. Material: High density polyethylene (HDPE ) is the most commonly used resin. This economical plastic has good impact resistant, is naturally translucent, flexible, and typically used for personal care products, such as shampoo bottles. Adding color will give HDPE an opaque look that will result in an increase in weight and rigidness. We have a variety of these rigid and tough high density polyethylene products in stock, from containers, pails, bottles, caps, tubs, and jugs. HDPE works well in below freezing temperatures. HDPE heat compatibility varies. Generally, it should not be used with products filled at over 145°F.

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CDA 12A w/ Toluene HAZMAT ITEMS ARE NON-REFUNDABLE. ALL SALES ARE FINAL (Note: Container style and color may vary) BVV's Ultra High Purity Toluene Denatured Ethanol (CDA 12A) is distinguished by its exceptional purity, Our CDA 12A formulation combines 95% Food Grade/USP/ACS 200 Proof Ethanol, derived from corn, with ~5% high-purity Toluene. Adhering to stringent industry standards, ensuring it meets the precise requirements of our customers, our Ultra High Purity Toluene Denatured Ethanol excels across diverse applications widely adopted as an effective botanical extraction solvent. Being that our Ultra High Purity Denatured Ethanol is made unfit for consumption when denatured with Toluene it is not subject to the Federal Excise Tax on alcohol saving you a huge cost without compromising on it suitability for top-tier extractions.  Primarily utilized as pure ethanol in extraction processes, this solvent is favored for its cost-effectiveness and extraction efficiency.  Reduce manufacturing costs and increase extraction efficiency with BVV's Ultra High Purity Toluene Denatured Ethanol. Disclaimer: Prices may vary due to market value and for orders of 4 totes or more and a tanker there could be up to a 2 week lead time. Call in for more accurate lead times. Spigots/Faucets are only compatible with 5 Gallon Plastic Jugs and must be purchased separately Trigger Sprayer is only compatible with 1QT and 1 Gallon sizes Key Features: Significantly Reduced Cost due to the absence of Federal Tax Produces Exceptional Quality Extractions Leaves No Residuals or Tastes Evaporates Completely in a Rotary Evaporator    Specifications Vapor Pressure: 40.9mmHg at 20°C UN Numbe 1170 Density: 0.7905g/cm³ Specific Gravity 0.7905 Flash Point: 13.9°C (57°F) Boiling Point: 78.5°C (173°F) Melting Point: -90.0°C (-130°F) Chemical Formula: Ethanol C2H6ON-Heptane C7H16 CAS#(s) Ethanol 64-17-5N-Heptane142-82-5 Chemical Formula: Ethanol C2H6ON-Heptane C7H16 Molecular Weight: 72.1057 CAS Registry Number: Ethanol 64-17-5N-Heptane142-82-5 Appearance Colorless Liquid Odor: Mint or acetone-like Density  0.7905g/cm³ Boiling Point: 78.5c/173.3F Solubility in water: Miscible GHS Pictograms: GHS Signal Word: Danger GHS Hazard Statements: H225, H319 GHS Precautionary Statements P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 UN Identification Number: 1987 Proper Shipping Name: Alcohols Transport Hazard Class: 3 Packing Group: I DOT Placard: What is Denatured Ethanol? Denatured ethanol, also known as denatured alcohol, is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) that has been rendered unfit for human consumption by the addition of denaturants. Denaturants are typically chemicals that make the ethanol taste bad or have toxic effects, and they are added to discourage people from drinking the substance. The denaturation process is done to avoid the high taxes and regulations associated with beverage alcohol, as denatured ethanol is intended for industrial, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic uses rather than for consumption. Common denaturants include heptane, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and other chemicals. Denatured ethanol is widely used in various industries, such as in the production of paints, solvents, cleaning products, and as a fuel for alcohol burners. Why is Ethanol Denatured? Ethanol is denatured, or rendered undrinkable, for several reasons: Tax Purposes: Denaturing ethanol allows for the imposition of lower taxes on industrial or non-beverage alcohol compared to potable alcohol. Governments often place higher excise taxes on alcohol intended for human consumption. Regulatory Compliance: Denaturing ethanol is a regulatory requirement to discourage the illegal diversion of tax-free industrial alcohol for beverage use. The addition of denaturants makes it unpalatable and unsafe for consumption. Public Safety: Making ethanol undrinkable helps prevent accidental or intentional ingestion of industrial alcohol, which can be toxic. Denaturing agents are chosen to deter people from attempting to use denatured alcohol as a substitute for beverage alcohol. Industrial Use: Denatured ethanol is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and manufacturing. It serves as a solvent, fuel, or raw material in these applications. Common denaturants include substances like heptane, methanol, isopropanol, and various chemicals that make the alcohol unsuitable for human consumption while maintaining its usability in industrial processes. The specific denaturing formulations, such as CDA 12-A mentioned earlier, are defined by regulatory agencies to ensure compliance with safety and tax regulations. What is denatured ethanol used for? Denatured ethanol is used for various industrial and commercial purposes where the alcohol is needed for its properties but should not be consumed. Here are some common applications: Industrial Solvent: Denatured ethanol is widely used as a solvent in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and manufacturing. It is effective in dissolving a variety of substances. Cleaning Agent: Due to its solvent properties, denatured ethanol is used as a cleaning agent for surfaces, equipment, and machinery in industrial and commercial settings. Fuel Additive: Denatured ethanol is sometimes used as a fuel additive, especially in the blending of gasoline. It can improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. Paint and Coating Industry: It is used as a solvent in the formulation of paints, varnishes, and coatings. Pharmaceuticals: Denatured ethanol is used in the pharmaceutical industry for various purposes, including the extraction of medicinal compounds. Laboratory Use: In laboratories, denatured ethanol is often used for tasks like sterilization and as a solvent for experiments. Inks and Dyes: It is employed in the production of inks and dyes due to its ability to dissolve pigments. Adhesives and Sealants: Denatured ethanol is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants. Window Cleaning: It is used in commercial window cleaning solutions. Automotive Industry: In the automotive industry, denatured ethanol is used for cleaning and degreasing. What can be used to denature ethanol? Here are examples of common Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA) formulations used to denature ethanol: CDA 12-A  To every 100 gallons of alcohol, add either: Five gallons of n-heptane or 5 gallons of toluene. CDA-19  To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol (not less than 160 proof), add: 4.0 gallons of either methyl isobutyl ketone, mixed isomers of nitro propane, or methyln-butyl ketone 1.0 gallon of either kerosene, deodorized kerosene, gasoline, unleaded gasoline, rubber hydrocarbon solvent, or heptane. CDA-20 To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol (not less than 195 proof), add a total of: 2.0 gallons of either unleaded gasoline, rubber hydrocarbon solvent, kerosene, or deodorized kerosene, or any combination of these. What does CDA mean? Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA) is a type of denatured alcohol that has been rendered unfit for human consumption by the addition of denaturing agents. Denatured alcohol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) that has been intentionally adulterated to make it toxic, foul-tasting, or otherwise undrinkable. This denaturing process is done to exempt the alcohol from excise duty and other taxes, as it's not intended for use in beverages. The denaturing agents used in CDA can vary, but they often include chemicals such as methanol, isopropanol, or other substances that make the alcohol unpalatable and potentially harmful if ingested. The specific formulation of denatured alcohol may be regulated by government authorities to ensure it meets safety standards and legal requirements. CDA is commonly used in industrial applications, as a solvent, fuel, or as a cleaning agent. It's important to note that due to the addition of denaturing agents, CDA should not be used for purposes that involve contact with the human body or ingestion. Safety precautions, including proper ventilation, should be followed when working with denatured alcohol. What is CDA 12A? CDA 12-A is a formulation specified by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) for Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA). The formula is defined under §21.26 as Formula No. 12-A. The composition of CDA 12-A is as follows: For every 100 gallons of alcohol, add either: 5 gallons of n-heptane or 5 gallons of toluene. This denaturing process renders the ethanol unfit for consumption while meeting regulatory requirements for various industrial applications. CDA formulations, including CDA 12-A, are used to denature ethanol for purposes such as industrial solvents, cleaning agents, and manufacturing processes. Can you remove heptane from CDA 12A? When n-Heptane is added to ethanol it creates an azeotrope between the ethanol and n-heptane. An azeotrope is defined as a mixture of two liquids that have a constant boiling point and composition through distillation. This azeotrope results in the ethanol and n-heptane evaporating at the same temperature, making it extremely difficult to separate the two through distillation. While these azeotropic solvents are still easily recovered from a botanical extract at a relatively low boiling point around 78C/173F using a rotary evaporator or falling film evaporator, it is near impossible to separate the two via distillation. What is an Azeotrope? An azeotrope is a mixture characterized by having identical concentrations in both its vapor and liquid phases. This stands in contrast to ideal solutions, where one component is usually more volatile than the other, allowing for separation through distillation. When an azeotrope forms, the concentrations in both phases remain the same, hindering separation through traditional distillation methods. Azeotropes consist of a blend of at least two different liquids, and this mixture can exhibit either a higher or lower boiling point than either of its individual components. Azeotropes become relevant when certain liquid fractions resist alteration through distillation processes. In typical mixtures, components can be extracted using Fractional Distillation, a process involving repeated distillation stages. The more volatile component vaporizes and is collected separately, while the less volatile component remains in the distillation container, resulting in two distinct, pure solutions.

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